Colorectal cancer screening or fit test

What is colorectal cancer?  

Colorectal cancer is a disease in which abnormal cells grow in the colon or rectum. It often begins as polyps — small growths on the inner lining of the bowel — that can become cancerous over time.

In Eeyou Istchee, colorectal cancer rates have been increasing and is now the most commonly diagnosed cancer in the region.

RISK FACTORS FOR COLORECTAL CANCER

You may be at higher risk if you have any of the following:                                

• Older age, especially 50 years and above
• A family history of colorectal cancer, advanced adenomas (precancerous polyps), or certain genetic syndromes
• A personal history of colorectal cancer, polyps, or inflammatory bowel disease such as Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis.

Many people with early-stage colorectal cancer do not have symptoms

If you experience any of these symptoms, please see a healthcare professional immediately:

• Recent or persistent changes in bowel habits
• Blood in the stool (black, bright red, or mixed into stool)
• Bleeding after pooping or wiping
• Low iron levels or anemia without a clear cause.
   

Prevention

You can lower your risk of colorectal cancer by:

• Maintaining healthy lifestyle habits, such as staying physically active, eating a balanced diet, avoiding smoking, limiting alcohol

Participating in regular screening, which can find and remove polyps before they become cancerous.
 

What is colorectal cancer screening?

Screening is offered in two main ways, depending on your risk level:

1. FIT Test (Fecal Immunochemical Test)

• An at‑home test that collects a small stool sample 
• The sample is sent to the laboratory to check for tiny traces of blood (cannot see with the naked eye)

For more information on the at-home test, visit the MSSS website. 

2. Colonoscopy

• A test performed by a specialist at the hospital in Chibougamau or Val‑d’Or
• A long, flexible camera is used to examine the colon and rectum
• A sedative may be offered for comfort
• Polyps can be removed during the procedure and sent for biopsy 
• Typically recommended for individuals at higher risk.

What happens if my FIT test is positive?

If traces of blood are found in your FIT test, a healthcare professional will review the results with you. Most people with a positive FIT are recommended to have a colonoscopy. A positive result does not mean you have cancer — it simply means further testing is needed.

For more information, ask your healthcare professional!